GolfGist.com Home  


Mental Golf Game and Self Handicapping... Recent Research





The Golf Gist...

We have heard it before, coaching and motivational techniques can cause an athlete to perform better then they would without motivation. We all need and have different motivational triggers and have different reasons for wanting to excell in golf. The most commonly stated reason is to play the best golf you are capable of playing given your abilities and skills.

Self-handicapping is defined as "any action or choice of performance setting that enhances the opportunities to externalize failure and to internalize success." It was first theorized by Edward E. Jones and Steven Berglas. ( From Wikipedia )

According to research, people will seek out obstacles to their own success that minimizes one's own performance as a cause for failure. In one study, subjects were given positive feedback on very difficult problems, regardless of the subject's actual performance. Subjects were then given the choice between a "performance-enhancing drug" and one which would inhibit it. Those subjects who received harder problems were more likely to choose the impairing drug, and subjects who faced easier problems were more likely to choose the enhancing drug. It is argued that the subjects presented with more difficult problems chose the impairing drug because they were looking for an external attribution (what might be called an "excuse") for expected poor performance, as opposed to an internal attribution.

Self-handicapping may be the cause of paradoxically limiting one's own ability to succeed and deliberately impairing oneself purely to avoid risk, maintain control and protect the ego and self-esteem. When awareness of failure was induced, experimental subjects have unduly:

• Reduced their preparation for an athletic event
• Studied less for an exam
• Involved less effort
• Given their opponent an advantage
• Lowered expectations

Self-handicapping is more likely to occur when the task is "ego-involving" and failure is anticipated. Some studies suggest that women may be less disposed to and less tolerant of self-handicapping than men. Thomas Gilovich makes a distinction between "real" self-handicapping, where people actually obstruct their own success, and "feigned" self-handicapping where they merely draw attention to potential obstacles. People may self-handicap to manage the impressions of others, or of themselves (though studies have been unable to test the latter).

The following reaseach was conducted and a paper published to discover the influences of self-handicapping on indivual performnce in golf competition.

Self-handicapping in competitive sport: influence of the motivational climate, self-efficacy, and perceived importance.

Kendy K. Kuczka tournament (M age=20.61; SD=1.52) assessing claimed situational self-handicaps in the week prior to the tournament, perceptions of the team motivational climate, perceived event importance, and self-efficacy.

Results

Preliminary analyses revealed no significant gender differences in regard to the perceived importance of the event or situational claimed self-handicaps. Participants who perceived the event to be of low personal importance reported significantly more claimed self-handicaps during the week prior to the tournament than high importance individuals. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed perceptions of a task-involving motivational climate, self-efficacy, and perceived event importance to be negatively related to claimed self-handicaps.

Conclusions

The findings of the present study suggest that in addition to enhancing self-efficacy, coaches should increase the salience of task-involving cues in the athletic context to attenuate the situational claimed self-handicaps of elite collegiate athletes. Keywords: Self-handicapping; Achievement goals

---

GolfGist.com Home